A star is a luminous body of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. Stars generate light, which makes it possible for us to see them with a telescope or the naked eye.
· Brightest
Not counting the sun, the brightest star as seen from Earth is Sirius, known as the dog star, in the constellation of Canis Major. It has a diameter of 149,598,020 km and is more than 24 times brighter than the Sun, The star LBV 1806 – 20 in the constellation of Sagittarius may be 40 million times as bright as our sun, but dust clouds make it almost invisible from Earth.
· Largest
The largest star in VY Canis Majoris, which has an estimated diameter of about 1.950 times greater than the sun. For comparison, if it were a football, th sun would be no bigger than a pinhead.
· Nearest
Proxima Centuari, discovered in 1915, is 4,22 light years (39,953,525,879,212 km) from the Earth. A spaceship moving at 40,000 km/h –which is faster than any human has yet travelled in space –would take more than 114,000 years to reach it.
· Supernovae
These are vast explosion in which a whole star blows up. They are extremely bright, rivaling for a few days the combined light output of all stars in the galaxy. Supernovae are rare –the last one in our galaxy was seen in 1604 by the German astronomer Johannes kepler.
· Quasars
These are extremely distant radio galaxies –galaxies giving out large amounts of radio energy –and the brightest objects in the Universe. Their radio emission is typically 1,000,000 to 100,000,000 times greater than that of a normal galaxy
· Black holes
A black hole is a star that has collapsed into itself. It has a surface gravity so powerful that nothing can escape from within it.
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